why was henry vii called the winter king

From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. The baby died and Elizabeth, herself, died on 11th February 1503, her 37th birthday. Together, they had seven children. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. He was probably baptised at St Mary's Church, Pembroke,[1] though no documentation of the event exists. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! It was no easy feat. They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. Henry marries Catherine of Aragon. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. ||Wordpress installation and design by http://www.MadeGlobal.com, FREE Anne Boleyn - and that was only about 50% of the book, it was only about 50% interesting to me. Life at court was merry under Henry 8th, a fresh new beginning likened to springtime. But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . Warbeck won the support of Edward IV's sister Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. Henry himself was clearly a distant figure who governed through his ministers, but this means that it's quite hard to get much of a sense of his character from the few sources available. [28], Henry had Parliament repeal Titulus Regius, the statute that declared Edward IV's marriage invalid and his children illegitimate, thus legitimising his wife. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. He was the last king of England to win . Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. [10] A contemporary writer and Henry's biographer, Bernard Andr, also made much of Henry's Welsh descent. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. The wedding was a triumph but in April 1502 a messenger brought the King the news that his eldest son had died of sweating sickness. Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. They overrode all the usual legal processed and acted with complete impunity. One of the councils prominent members was Edmund Dudley, a man who helped Henry by enforcing the Kings legal rights, finding old laws to use against people and stretching the law to its limits. For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. Henry the eighth was a renaissance King. Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. [citation needed] The first was the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, abetted by Viscount Lovell, which collapsed without fighting. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. In 1502 the death of his heir Arthur left the dynasty's prospects with Arthur's 10-year-old brother, Henry. I don't read a lot of NF because I usually find it to be tedious, but The Winter King certainly wasn't that. It was propaganda to spread the message that he was the rightful King. Castles of . [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. Effectively an orphan, he had spent wretched years as a fugitive in Brittany. They were also in charge of various administrative duties, such as the checking of weights and measures. 4. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. But, his enemies didnt agree. He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. [65] Henry VII was shattered by the loss of Elizabeth, and her death impacted him severely. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. 1845. 1509. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. His first chance came in 1483 when his aid was sought to rally Lancastrians in support of the rebellion of Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, but that revolt was defeated before Henry could land in England. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. Thomas Penn's Winter King is not really a biography of Henry VII, and more a study of what he was directing his government to do in his name. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). Consultant editor for the. The money so extracted added to the King's personal fortune rather than being used for the stated purpose. If Penn's interpretation can sometimes seem slanted, its exposition would be hard to over-praise. His spies and informers were everywhere. [20] He amassed an army of about 5,0006,000 soldiers. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. Henry needed an heir to secure his reign and fortunately an heir came quickly. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. The King, normally a reserved man who rarely showed much emotion in public unless angry, surprised his courtiers by his intense grief and sobbing at his son's death, while his concern for the Queen is evidence that the marriage was a happy one, as is his reaction to Queen Elizabeth's death the following year, when he shut himself away for several days, refusing to speak to anyone. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. [17] Now supported by Francis II's prime minister, Pierre Landais, Richard III attempted to extradite Henry from Brittany, but Henry escaped to France. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Present were exiles from Richards court, friends of Edward IVths queen, but King Richard was able to bribe the ageing Duke of Brittany to relinquish Henry in return for funds to fight an increasingly hostile French king, whereupon Henry Tudor flew to the French court for sanctuary. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Much of the ruthless machinery of control was designed to deal with ongoing challenged like pretenders and Yorkist sleepers and expats. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England.

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