The _____ is a scientific process used to make conclusions about the world. In behavioral research, results explain a high proportion of possible cases, but they are not expected to explain all cases all the time. External: Creating the mix of statements was a multistep and rigorous process that incorporated a wide variety of viewpoints. A catch-22 is a paradoxical situation from which an individual cannot escape because of contradictory rules or limitations. scientific evidence found in the magazine Psychology Today. For more detail on the classification of the three news outlets, as well as the selection and analysis of this second set of statements, see the, This analysis grouped together all of the times the 5,035 respondents saw a statement attributed to each of the outlets or no outlet at all. -concerns about stigmatization. What happened next? A Pew Research Center study shows 94% of middle and high school teachers say their students are "very likely" to utilize an online search engine for a research assignment (Purcell . When was the last time you ate pizza and what were the toppings you had on it? In the middle portion of this interview with Dalton Conley, sociologist Alondra Nelson describes the origins of African Ancestry, a company that markets genetic genealogy testing to black families. Indeed, a statement can be scientific even if we do not currently have the data or the technical equipment to test it. First, researchers sifted through a number of different sources to create an initial pool of statements. age. Confound(s) confirmation bias, Overestimating the percentage of shark attacks that occur each year due to recent news reports about a particular shark attack is an example of (blank) standard direct labor hours. How did the National Science Foundation influence research in hurricanes following Hurricane Katrina in 2005? The school administrators compare the average scores of the two classes on a mathematics standardized test at the end of the year and find that the class with the new textbook performed better on the test. errance has had a difficult time dealing with stress lately because of past traumatic experiences that have been bothering him. She should find out whether the celebrity is basing the claim on empirical evidence. See Answer. Identify the true and false statements about reading empirical journal articles. Survey research is less concerned with interviewer or observer bias. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. "Teenagers are more susceptible to internet advertising than young adults." The goal was to include an equal number of statements that would more likely appeal to the political right or to the political left, with an overall balance across statements. Answer: True statements: Research on human participants conducted by a university must be approved by an institutional review board. Respondents were asked to determine if each was a factual statement (whether accurate or not) or an opinion statement (whether agreed with or not). Identify the following behaviors as examples of either scientific thinking or intuitive thinking. Organic products may be healthier than non-organic products. We discussed many such generalizations in Chapter 1 . \\ {\bullet \text { If Harison's father were not handicapped, would he be like his son? However, there is a generally accepted sequence of steps in scientific methods. Why are many African Americans especially interested in the prospect of using genetic testing to determine a person's family history and ancestral place of origin? The libraries near the city center were all selected to implement a 2-week camp. The factual statements were drawn from sources including news organizations, government agencies, research organizations and fact-checking entities, and were verified by the research team as accurate. Most of this book is devoted to learning about these different methods. information from your uncle Bob who was once a participant in a psychology study False Statement(s) Expert Answer. All of the statements related to policy issues and current events. Which questions would be part of the sociology of science? Scientific Method Steps. The aim of all scientific methods is the same, that is, to analyse the observation made at the beginning. True/False Test Taking Strategies. One of the biggest setbacks to influenza research is the lack of ability of viruses to evolve over time. The researchers treated scientists as they would any other "tribe." 2. Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as the scientific method. "There are four major concepts in science: facts, hypotheses, laws and theories . The results, reported in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, reveal that the way negative statements are processed in the brain depends on the structure of the sentence itself. b. analyzing player statistics, such as time played and level achieved How did the National Science Foundation influence research in hurricanes following Hurricane Katrina in 2005? Eliminate choices that don't satisfy the statement's condition. Using multiple groups allows researchers to isolate potential confounds. One such non-custom model is called Luxury Base Frame. How does deforestation contribute to global warming? Personal experience can be as scientifically valid as research if you document your experiences properly. Puedes usar las lista de adjetivos vistas anteriormente u otros que necesites. Each of the fourth graders in one school is randomly assigned to be in one of two classes, one in which a teacher continues using the old book and another in which a new teacher uses the new book. representativeness The cost to manufacture the phone follows: Costperunit:Directlabor$15.00Directmaterials134.00Factoryoverhead(includingdepreciation)33.50Totalcostperunit$182.50\begin{aligned} -concerns over the morality of creating new stem cell lines Riaan is designing a study in which he combines the findings of (blank) and calculates the magnitude of all the combined results, otherwise known as (blank). The opinion statements were adapted largely from public opinion survey questions. Each person at a gathering of academics is invited to talk about his or her political views. It is grown without synthetic pesticides. Which lessons can be drawn from the example of Angelina Jolie's medical decision and Edward Saunders's discovery of the effects of weather on stock prices? A larger sample size is more acceptable and valid for all kinds of research. Survey research is usually quick and economical. dydC=0.4+y0.3. 1. For example, 36% of Americans with high levels of political awareness (those who are knowledgeable about politics and regularly get political news) correctly identified all five factual news statements, compared with about half as many (17%) of those with low political awareness. Check to see that the name of the journal is scientific and legitimate. Genetic testing on remains exhumed from a historical burial ground. The term was coined by Joseph Heller, who used it in his 1961 novel Catch-22.. Catch-22s often result from rules, regulations, or procedures that an individual is subject to, but has no control over, because to fight the rule is to accept it. c. l'Organisation des Nations-Unies What, according to scientist Vandana Shiva, were some negative consequences for developing nations of the green revolution that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century? What, besides increased agricultural productivity, were the benefits for developing nations of the green revolution that took place in the second half of the twentieth century? One advantage of online surveys is cost. . Which conclusion does sociologist Thomas Gieryn draw from his examination of the practice of science? reactivity the availability heuristic Existing sources research can describe the messages inherent in the media, but not illuminate how such messages are interpreted. The Human Genome Project was an international effort to map out the complete human DNA sequence. At the core of biology and other sciences lies a problem-solving approach called the scientific method. Influenza research involves constructing new vaccines and treatments. When Americans incorrectly classified factual statements as opinions, they most often disagreed with the statement. \scriptstyle\begin{array}{l}\bullet {\text { If Harrison and his mother were} \\ \text{put in the same room, they would not be able }} \\ {\bullet \text{ to communicate. }} (forswear; infiltrate). Incorrect Answer(s) What are some causes of concern about the use of DNA testing in a criminological context? When identifying a counterexample, Identify the condition and conclusion of the statement. 1. involuntary disclosure of family genetics to government authorities. Select one: a. Tying statements to news outlets had limited impact on Americans capacity to identify statements as factual or opinion, Appendix A: Measuring capacity to classify statements as factual or opinion, Around the world, people who trust others are more supportive of international cooperation, Two-thirds of U.S. adults say theyve seen their own news sources report facts meant to favor one side, In Views of U.S. Democracy, Widening Partisan Divides Over Freedom to Peacefully Protest, Experts Predict More Digital Innovation by 2030 Aimed at Enhancing Democracy, The state of Americans trust in each other amid the COVID-19 pandemic, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, Gender pay gap in U.S. hasnt changed much in two decades. Barry C Smith is a Director of the Institute of Philosophy at the Institute of Advanced Studies at University of London. scientific hypothesis, an idea that proposes a tentative explanation about a phenomenon or a narrow set of phenomena observed in the natural world. Those on the outskirts of the city were all selected to implement a longer program that lasted the entire summer. bias Republicans and Democrats more likely to classify a news statement as factual if it favors their side whether it is factual or opinion, 4. concerns of stigmatization, privacy, and social stratification. universalism. Identify the true and false statements about meta-analyses. Scientific evidence is information gathered from scientific research, which takes a lot of time (and patience!) Almost four-in-ten Americans who have a lot of trust in the information from national news organizations (39%) correctly identified all five factual statements, compared with 18% of those who have not much or no trust. IfHarrisonandhismotherwereputinthesameroom,theywouldnotbeabletocommunicate. Anecdotal evidence is evidence based only on personal observation, collected in a casual or non-systematic manner. He goes to see a therapist and tells her his problem. Members of these populations were socially isolated. Incorrect Answer(s) Dramatic statements that are refuted by reputable scientific organizations. (1 point) True False 13. True scientific controversy involves competing scientific ideas that are evaluated according to the standards of science i.e., fitting the evidence . This is because every research on human participants mu . \\ {\bullet \text { Are Harrison and Hozel Bergeron really so different? }} The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other social media by terrorist organizations in other countries to recruit new members is an example of what cultural phenomenon? problems that would result from the genetic screening of children at birth. A significance test is the most common statistical test used to establish confidence in a . Identify the true and false statements about the differences between scientific research and personal experience. Identify the true statements about internet-based surveys. Correct Answer(s) effects related to socioeconomic status. Correct Answer(s) A greater likelihood of undergoing a preventative mastectomy. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like For which reason or reasons are Americans generally more accepting of GMO foods than most Europeans?, In a sociological context, what principle does the phrase Matthew effect refer to?, Why does certified organic food tend to come from megafarms and other large, corporate food producers rather than small-scale operations that . A comparison group allows experimenters to show that a treatment is effective. A sociologist wants to study racial discrimination in hiring, and decides to either distribute a survey asking employers about their hiring methods, or conduct an experiment that involves sending fake resumes to employers to see who gets an interview. His girlfriend suggests that the pain must be from all the spicy food he likes to eat. Incorrect Answer(s) 1.) Biological Sex 2.) Standard and actual overhead costs were as follows. Evolution is a theory, not a proven fact. True Statement(s) What is the name of the southern African tribe whose partly Jewish origins appear to be confirmed by genetic testing? exposure to a video on young men in gay relationships About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Identify each statement about Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's study of Jonas Salk's lab as correct or incorrect. total number of advertisements clicked on by an individual each day She is engaging in (blank), being swayed by a good story, It is non-GMO Which of the moods described would be most suitable for a topic sentence? Question: Which statement is TRUE about the scientific method? After that, if they want to interview (respondents), sociologists must first get (informed consent), which means that participants agree to be interviewed and know what they are getting into. A sociologist is worried that her presence is affecting interactions between the people he is studying. Fats help maintain your cell membranes. Confound(s) What is typically true of producesay, fresh fruitthat is labeled "certified organic"? Conclusions based on experience can have alternative explanations. \\ {\bullet \text { Harrison and George Bergeron are father and son. }} Identify the problems as either flaws of the scholarly article or flaws of the news article. B. both tend to focus on nonrecurring information needs. hypothesis: Correct Answer(s) Simply stated, a fact is a truth. Correct Answer(s) Existing sources research has low replicability. researchers debrief participants. The completion of each program resulted in a free book. Which of the following sociologists was one of the first to do work in the area of social network analysis? false Correct answer: True. Incorrect Answer(s) -They produce higher yields. Thus, the hypothesis is true, but it may not be true 100% of the time. It is non-GMO In all other cases, P Q is true. The Process of Scientific Research. Later, Lethabo begins experiencing stomach pain and thinks he may have a stomach ulcer. Gross What benefits do proponents of GMO food crops claim for them? -death in a tornado c. Since viruses never change,an adaptive immune system . the present/present bias. Incorrect Answer(s) -concerns about privacy This group of students is diverse in terms of race, gender, and age. After a year of sifting through the scientific evidence, a committee of psychologists and criminologists organized by the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) has now gingerly weighed in. Correct Answers: About 126,000 rumors were spread by 3 million people. In which context were the scientific techniques used by African Ancestry first developed? d. le syndrome d'immunodficience acquise Identify some of the shared and differing values of Americans, according to the textbook. IRB approves study design. She quickly begins to see many of the group members as her friends, and participates in social events with them. Disadvantage(s) In Denmark, scientific misconduct is defined as "intention[al] negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific message . Hilda is studying the effects of a major earthquake on people living nearby. Testosterone 2.) Sexual Orientation, Determine whether or not the following interactions with a transgender or gender nonconforming person are . replicability Previous research relied heavily on the premise . Using this as a guide, we define the conditional statement P Q to be false only when P is true and Q is false, that is, only when the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false. Correct Answer(s) 1. Good stories are rarely accurate. Jayla comes across a celebrity's website promoting the healing power of crystals. A sociologist wants to study a global community of online gamers who all play the same multiplayer game. Identify the true and false statements about conducting ethical research. A sociologist conducts an experiment to see how watching a documentary on young men in gay relationships affects individual attitudes toward gay marriage. The results, then, are given as the percent of the time that respondents classified statements a given way when attributed to each outlet. Disclosure statement. Which of the following statements accurately describes culture? democracy What term is used by Thomas Kuhn to describe a conceptual framework for doing "normal science," as Kuhn calls it? Problems False rumors spread faster and wider than true information, according to a 2018 study published in Science by MIT Sloan professor Sinan Aral and Deb Roy and Soroush Vosoughi of the MIT Media Lab. bias. Which items represent documented present-day effects of global warming? Seattle libraries were interested in the effectiveness of summer reading programs in improving the reading ability of elementary school students. Not Dependent Variable(s) -Melting of the ice cap at the North Pole. One disadvantage of online surveys is representativeness. For historical reasons, African Americans often have poorly documented family trees. For decades, researchers have been trying to nail down what influences eyewitness testimony and how much confidence to place in it. -the introduction of high-yield crops in developing nations. Accurate descriptions of how science is normally done. Identify the disadvantages of existing sources research. The real process of science; A blueprint for scientific investigations; Exploration and discovery . the tendency to ignore the fact that you are vulnerable to biases, the tendency to accept ideas that feel natural, the tendency to seek out information that supports your beliefs, the tendency to think the first thing that pops into your head is correct. The scientific method limits empirical observations to those consistent with a theory. The most powerful of all norms are (taboos). Question: Identify whether the statements are true or false concerning treatments for influenza. Janice's diagnosis is not purely based on her client's symptoms but is partially influenced by the (blank). A school district decides to compare a new math textbook with the textbook that has been used for the past few years. Trust in those who do the reporting also matters in how that statement is interpreted. depletion of soil nutrients The last part of this animation describes how genetic testing could lead to problems that would not otherwise have arisen. in numbers that mirror the overall student population. false Lethabo believes he is objective and finds his girlfriend's point to be reasonable, so without doing any research, he avoids spicy food in an attempt to help his stomach pain. If they identified a statement to be an opinion, they were asked whether they agreed or disagreed with it. genetic testing on remains exhumed from a historic burial ground. scientific method: an established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. Which lessons can be drawn from the example of Angelina Jolie's medical decision and Edward Saunders's discovery of the effects of weather on stock prices? a. organized skepticism. Which of the following, if they occurred, could be potential confounds in the study? Your body does not use energy when you sleep. Given the content listed above, a description of the research problem is . becoming a player and observing interactions in real time A new Pew Research Center survey of 5,035 U.S. adults examines a basic step in that process: whether members of the public can recognize news as factual something thats capable of being proved or disproved by objective evidence or as an opinion that reflects the beliefs and values of whoever expressed it. They have the patina of legitimate science, but something has gone wrong. Students passing by a campus booth are invited to fill out a questionnaire; several hundred do so. Dominant culture tends to represent and protect the values, norms, and interests of the most powerful groups in society. Which concerns are raised by the prospect of widespread genetic testing of human beings? A. marketing information systems gather, access, and analyze data from intracompany sources, while marketing research handles all external sources. Correct Answer(s) What are some causes of concern about the use of DNA testing in a criminological context? During the most recent month, only 900 units were produced; 4,500 direct labor hours were allowed for standard production, but only 4,000 hours were used. Identify each statement about Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's study of Jonas Salk's lab as correct or incorrect. participants give informed consent. -They are more resistant to pests and diseases. The company manufactures cabinets of mahogany, oak, and other fine woods for use in expensive homes, restaurants, and hotels. Scientific ideas lead to ongoing research; Participants in science behave scientifically; Beyond physics, chemistry, and biology; Science in disguise; Science has limits: A few things that science does not do; Science in sum; How science works. Both men and women are given a survey, but only those in the experimental group watch the video before answering the survey questions. &\text { Cost per unit: }\\ Five students are randomly selected for in-depth interviews, each lasting half an hour. -Two biologists argue about whether viruses should be considered living or nonliving entities. Here, we've discussed true scientific controversy a debate within the scientific community over which scientific idea is more accurate and should be used as the basis of future research. Approach each statement as if it were true and then determine if any part of . \\ {\bullet \text { Arrest Harrison Bergeron immediately. }} When used in advertising or promotion of a product . promoted gender equality, increased value of formal schooling, slowed population growth. Even if a research study finds an effect the majority of the time, there is no guarantee it will happen to you. "Hyperactivity is unrelated to eating sugar " is an example of a null hypothesis. Identifying counterexamples is a way to show that a mathematical statement is false. Pronounce the letters French acronym, match acronym with its full form, and then provide the English equivalent. Survey research uses closed-ended questions. SOCI 101 InQuisitive Ch.17 - Science, the Env, arrts chap 4 : sources lgislatives et rgle, Chapter 12: Family - Questions Inquisitive an, Chapter 13: Education - Inquisitive Questions, Chapter 16: Religion - Inquisitive Questions, ECH 0 1 Pre-Lab Quizzes 1-9 and Lecture Terms, Chapter 15: Authority and the State - Inquisi, Chapter 14: Capitalism and Economy - Inquisit, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. The libraries were located in areas whose populations differed in socioeconomic status. IfHarisonsfatherwerenothandicapped,wouldhebelikehisson? It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Meta-analyses have less accurate results than empirical journal articles. The number of people in a large gathering is recorded. Identify the true and false statements about good stories. The class using the new textbook is smaller than the class using the old textbook. Which items, according to scientists, represent the two biggest causes of global warming? The elementary schools were of different qualities. Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior. In this example, there are three statements. C. marketing information systems tend to increase the quantity of information available for decision making, but with some decrease in quality. Existing sources research may have low validity because respondents are dishonest. -Organic products tend to be preferred by more-educated consumers. The individual statements are listed in an expandable box at the end of this section, and the complete methodology, including further information on statement selection, classification, and political appeal, can be found here. The study probed one step further for the initial set of 12 statements. And though political awareness and digital savviness are related to education in predictable ways, these relationships persist even when accounting for an individuals education level. Factual statements that lend support to views held by more people on one side of the ideological spectrum (and fewer of those on the other side) were classified as appealing to the narrative of that side. The NSF funded small grants on the causes and effects of hurricanes. -The researchers treated scientists as they would any other "tribe." \text { Direct labor } & \$ 15.00 \\ Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, Distinguishing Between Factual and Opinion Statements in the News, Next: 1. Escoge la caracterstica ms destacada de los siguientes temas, lugares o personas y escribe una frase expresando tu opinin. Doctors and authority figures are not susceptible to good stories. to conduct. Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction. A simple random sample is also which of the following? In the film Gattaca, which major concern about genetics does the film explore? \quad \text { Total cost per unit } & \$ 182.50 \\ The scientific method has five basic steps, plus one feedback step: Make an observation. Terms in this set (44) Place the parts of a study in the order in which they should happen to maintain an ethical study, from first to last.
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